scope of technology Essay - 932 Words

Philosophical Reasoning: Critical Thinking in Philosophy Morton’s Winston’s Children of Invention Revisited: The Scope of Technology In this essay, I will comment on Morton Winston’s definitions of technology, then apply the six aspects in every technology to an artifact selected from Friedman’s essay â€Å"The World is Flat†. The six aspects include first the skills, techniques, human activity forms, or socio-technical practice; second, resources, tools, and materials; third, technological products or artifacts; fourth, end, intention or functions; fifth, background knowledge; and lastly, social context in which the technology is designed, developed, used, and disposed of, and the artifact that I will apply is Nike. In Children†¦show more content†¦Also, Nike has worked to improve labor conditions in their footwear, apparel and equipment supply chains for more than 15 years. Key issues in which they have engaged include the health and safe ty of the workers who make their products, excessive overtime, the ability of workers to freely associate, and child labor and forced labor. In addition, Nike has created a â€Å"sustainable supply chain†, one that includes sustainability on equal footing with cost, on-time delivery and quality . As one of the pillars of their sustainable business strategy, they have developed a vision of what success looks like. The vision and steps they are taking are making them achieve this strategy of going forward and continuing to one of the leading companies in activewear. Nike employs human activity forms in almost every part of the company; starting with using ships to import, trucks and truck drivers to transport all their products to stores. Lastly, Nike uses socio-technical practices when it comes to designing their stores, deciding on their logo, and designing the layout of the store. There is just so much to speculate at because every aspect of their company relies on human- activity forms. Nike would not be able to be as powerful of a company if they did not make use of every resource, tool and material available to them. They use computers at stores, which is their most common andShow MoreRelatedScopes Trial and New Technology1118 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the war, the American people made the change from old ways to new ways. Many factors, such as new technology, fundamentalism, new looks and church led to tension between the old and the new. The 1920s were a time of conflicting viewpoints between traditional behaviors and new and changing attitudes. New technology in the 1920s attributed to the change. Inventions such as the radio helped improve communication. Court trials, conventions, and meetings were broadcasted. Electrical appliancesRead MoreEnterprise Architecture : Architecture Vision772 Words   |  4 PagesENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PROJECT – ARCHITECTURE VISION CLINET – XYX CORP. PREPARED BY –EKANKI GOVEKAR Table of Contents 1. Purpose and Project Establishment. 2. Problem Description (Business Principles ,Summary of Principles) 3. Objective 4. Scope 5. Constraints 6. Architecture Vision 7. Architecture Work and Approval 1. Purpose and Project Establishment. The Architecture Vision is the early phase of Enterprise Architecture and provides high lever view of Product. ThisRead MoreChapter Iii:. Methods. Introduction. Chapter Two Discussed1701 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrating 21st century skills in the elementary media framework can create authentic and meaningful learning experiences. Project one is the creation of a scope and sequence for the use of an elementary media specialist teaching grades kindergarten through fifth. Project two is the culmination of 24 step- by- step lessons that integrate with the scope and sequence. Lastly, project three includes 24 assessment options that correspond with each of the 24 step-by- step lessons. The culmination of all threeRead MoreProject Management Chapter 5 Q A Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 5 Project Scope Management DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What is involved in project scope management, and why is good project scope management so important on information technology projects? Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processed used to create them. Project scope management includes scope planning, scope definition, WBS creation, scope verification, and scope control. It’ important to Information Technology because it is goodRead MoreThe Scope And Standards For Informatics1739 Words   |  7 PagesDefine and discuss the Scope and Standards for Informatics Nurse Specialist Purpose and function of Scopes and Standards In order to practice as a nurse informatics or NI specialist, one must know and understand the standard to which he or she is held. The purpose and function of scopes and standards of practice for nursing informatics is to provide an overview of the specialty, assist future specialists understand their scope of practice, and practice at a competent level to guide and supportRead MoreEssay on Use of Technology in Physical Education 1010 Words   |  5 Pageseffective use of technology to keep students active. Effectively using technology in the classroom the teacher will be able to facilitate active learning by engaging students in PE activities only imagined by other people. When a teacher is willing to apply anything new to their classroom it is important to have a clear understanding of scope and sequence. Scope and sequence is vital in whole school planning and in the planning of individual learning sequences. Consideration of scope includes decisionsRead MoreWorking With Software Installations At Hewlett Packard1465 Words   |  6 PagesI worked at Hewlett Packard one year as a consultant in Information Management technologies, specifically, working with software installations. I had a great experience and time working here, but, based in my performance, I was promoted to project manager junior without any experience or knowledge managing IT projects. As a challenge, I received this promotion, however, many things happened during 2 years holding this position and many problems were related with my lack of knowledge managing IT projectsRead MoreProject Deliverable 2 : Business Requirements934 Words   |  4 PagesName Position Justin Blazejewski Chief Information Officer Table of Contents Document Control 2 1 Business Requirements 4 1.1 Project Overview 4 1.2 Background including current process 4 1.3 Scope 4 1.3.1 Scope of Project 4 1.3.2 Constraints and Assumptions 5 1.3.3 Risks 5 1.3.4 Scope Control 5 1.3.5 Relationship to Other Systems/Projects 5 1.3.6 Definition of Terms (if applicable) 5 2 Business Requirements 2.1 Project Overview A data collection and analysis company aims at upgradingRead MoreBusiness Architectural Proposal Essay examples863 Words   |  4 Pagesstakeholder. Proposal Scope ABC Consulting Group was given the opportunity to introduce an architecture proposal for a new smart thermostat. The proposal will provide the methods of supporting the product, along with strategies that will support the product in the future. The main scope of this proposal is to introduce the necessary business architecture vital to the consolidation of business operations while promoting efficient work techniques. The business architecture scope will include every phaseRead MoreA Short Note On Risk Management Project Management1682 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can plan ahead. You need to know how to converse with other project colleagues about risks and even settle on choices about which risks you will attempt to oversee. Complex projects are constantly loaded with a variety of risks extending from scope risk to cost overruns. One of the primary duties of a project manager is to deal with these risks and keep them from ruining the project. There are diverse categories of risks in project management and some of these risks are listed and discussed

Consumer Trust Free Essays

Project report on: Consumer Trust – Flipkart Subject: Consumer Behaviour Submitted to: Prof. Neha Gupta Submitted by: Ami Vora Roll No: 58 Class: PGDM – Communications FLIPKART  is an Indian  e-commerce  company founded by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal in 2007, both alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. Initially funded by the Bansals themselves with  Rs. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Trust or any similar topic only for you Order Now 400,000, Flipkart has since then raised funding from venture capital funds  Accel India  in 2009  and Tiger Global (US$10 million in 2010 and  US$20 million in June 2011). Today, as per Alexa traffic rankings, Flipkart is among the top 20 Indian Web sites and has been credited with being India’s largest online bookseller  with over 11 million titles on offer. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flipkart has proven to be of great significance since the credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. Even its 30 days replacement offer is something which acts as its USP. FACTORS THAT LEAD TO THE SUCCESS OF FLIPKART * Customer Service: Provide good customer support with quick turn around time for client queries. Provide replacement of product in case a customer receives a defective product. * User Interface: Easy to use, easy to browse through the products, add products to wishlist or to a cart, get product reviews and opinions, pre-order products, make payments using different methods. * Cash/Card On Delivery: Demonstrated more confidence in buying products. Flipkart sells 20 products/min and have with more than 60% of the Flipkart’s customers use Cash on Delivery and card on delivery methods. This is because of two reasons, one is many people do not know how to make payments online. And secondly people do not have immense trust in e-commerce in India. * Customer Retention: Has around 15 lakh individual customers and more than 70% customers are repeat customers i. e. they shop various times each year. The company targets to have a customer base of 1 crore by 2015. * Local Presence: Tie ups with local vendors and courier firms (thereby reducing transportation and storage costs. Owns warehouse in major cities. CONSUMER TRUST For ensuring success, securing trust in your company is essential. Trust is as important to a potential customer’s purchasing decision as the products you offer him. And an essential element of building that trust, with both customers and partners, is the assurance that your e-commerce operation meets the demanding security standards required of organizations handling sensitive financial information. Building a consumer Trust for Flipkart can take place in the following facets: * Setting up a Storefront which generates a sense of dependency among the consumer * Build a commerce friendly Web Host * Securing Information Using SSL * Processing Transactions * On time Delivery * Quality of the products * Efficient staff * Return Policy Following are the various measures taken my Flipkart to build and ensure consumer trust. 1. Merchandise site safety and security A safe and secure Web site is the most crucial element to building online trust. Flipkart convey that customers can trust them with their personal information and their purchases. Promote the basic security of your site and reinforce that message with a buying process that emphasizes safety and ease. Flipkart has a â€Å"Worry Free Shopping† environment. It clearly states shipping, return and privacy policies as well as security and product guarantees. Customers are most sensitive to trust and security issues as they move down the path to purchase. 2. A professional site speaks volumes’ Flipkart has invested wisely in professionalism of their site. This includes : user-friendly design and content updates that are accurate and regular, paying attention to load time, avoiding site down time at all costs, updating content often, avoiding typos and broken links. 3. Showcase the Trustworthiness of Your Brand The trustworthiness is also defined by highlighting its distinctive qualities and physical presence. They do this by expliciting brand-value statement, reinforce that brand-value statement by creating a tag line that customers, over time, will easily associate, and provide easily accessible customer service phone numbers. 4. Outside Voices Boost Credibility There is often no better way to build trust in your brand than to allow others to endorse it. Flipkart has a section for reviews for the product and services from trusted sources which act invaluable. 5. Comprehensive Product Content Enhances Trust You will find comprehensive product content and details of a particular product once u chose any item. This gives an insight of the minute, technical, and other details of the product before purchase. 6. What You See Is What You Get Flipkart provides image zoom functionality; provide thumbnail images to the shopping cart, etc. to ensure that What You See Is What You Get. 7. Building Quality Service One of the most important aspect is also to create trust among the consumers about the quality of the product. Flipkart provides information such as sizes, product availability (in stock), e-mail confirmation, post purchase services, customer service, etc. . Secure Payment options Flipkart promptly provides various options for the payment of the desired products. This is done by Cash on delivery, Credit card and debit card purchase, Net banking, etc. One striking features is also their EMI option with a very minimal amount of overhead. This attracts the consumers and develops a string sense of trust among the consumers as payment is the most sensitive part of the entire consumer buying proc ess. 9. Returns and Guarantee Flipkart’s USP is the 30 day returns guarantee process. Though conditions apply to these, but to almost all the products they refund the entire amount of the money paid if the consumer returns the purchased product due to any reason. Below is a graph denoting monthly traffic to Flipkart and it shows an increasing trend for most of the years. Customer trust in a company can play a significant role in determining the customer’s actions regarding that company. Customer trust (a belief) influences customer intentions. Empirical Research has shown that trust increases customer intention to purchase a product from a company as well as customer intention to return to a company. The following image shows the flow on process for Flipkart online shopping. RESULTS OF BUILDING CONSUMER TRUST The most important parameter for measuring the results of the efforts for creating consumer trust is the revenue generated. In about 7 years, Flipkart generated 12  billion (US$220  million) (FY  2011–12). Flipkart even has a market share of 20-25% in the Indian online market. Last year, it even acquired Let’s Buy and thus increased their market share. The graph shown above also speaks for itself that the number of visitors have been increasing day by day thus ensuring better sales and profitability. ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN BUILDING CONSUMER TRUST Flipkart. com  is one such online portal that is synonymous with trust worthy online shopping. Flipkart used various innovative ads where they show kids playing the roles of an adult (with real adult dubbed voices) in a day to day situation to reach their audiences. This creates a sense of trust among the consumers as kids convey truthfulness. This particular advertisement where three generations are portrayed to present the customers’ skepticism in online shopping hits just the right chords to market  Flipkart. com  and assure customers of its excellent services. This advertisement focuses on the major concern of the customers i. e. guarantee and how can one make an assessment from an online image. With the witty use of our old custom of arranged marriages where brides got betrothed by simply looking at the photographs of their husbands, this advertisement mixes a perfect marketing solution, wrapped up in good humour. By presenting three generations together in an ad,  Flipkart. com  once again makes it clear that online shopping is devoid of age barriers and  Flipkart. com  is targeted to everyone irrespective of age or gender. CONCLUSION Flipkart is one of the leading players in the online shopping sector in India. It targets all the older generation’s trust towards  Flipkart. com  by making the high-tech younger generation doubtful, and boosting the older generation’s ego by making them make an online purchase in the tech-savvy world. The tag line â€Å"shopping ka naya address†, â€Å"the new address for shopping†, does open doors or rather browsers to online shopping. By various and continuous efforts Flipkart has, no doubt, succeeded at a great level to create consumer trust and its impact is visible and measurable through the results. THANK YOU !! How to cite Consumer Trust, Essay examples

Under the psychic knife Essay Example For Students

Under the psychic knife Essay In Spalding Grays newest monologue Grays Anatomya work in progress currently touring the country the existentialist storyteller turns his high-powered, introspective lens on his own body ailments. The main topic is an injury to Grays left eye a macular pucker, which means the vitreous humor, or gelatin, in the eye has liquefied. The monologue recounts numerous attempts to find a cure, including alternative therapies sweat lodges, dietary purges (he gave up eating fish for a while), shaman faith healers and psychic surgery that Gray explored after a retina specialist told him conventional surgery could either heal him or lead to blindness. As in his past monologues, Gray gleans much of his material from outings in New Age country. Id say I often get bored by what I consider mainstream American life, he explains in a phone interview from Lake Tahoe where he says hes searching for a sport that will take me out of my mind. Grays seemingly casual collisions with the other-worldly (like his dropping in at an L.A. convention for people whod been beamed aboard space ships, or his impromptu visit to a Brazilian faith healer whom hed heard touted in a Berkeley juice bar) provide heady material for his solo spiels. But even Grays confrontations with the irredeemably mundane (like his six-day hike through the hills of Malibu with a group of California weightwatchers they have one glass of orange juice then walk for five hours oh, boy!) can seem outlandish when filtered through his absurdist sensibility. Several vignettes in the new monologue are recollections of encounters with esoteric or oddball therapy groups. I like to be involved with groups, and then leave them and tell stories about them. Its awful for the group. And sometimes for Gray. A sweat-lodge leader, who said sitting naked around steaming rocks in a tent could cure Grays eye, accused Gray of maligning her group when, in an introduction to Grays Anatomy in the New York Times Magazine last May, Gray contrasted the original American Indian sweat lodge with the contemporary counterpart he visited: It used to be made of stretched animal skins over bent branches, now its made of stretched plastic over bent plastic rods. She was very hurt about the reference to plastic, he says. In fact I think it was mostly wood, and maybe some plastic. Gray admits that he tends to hyperbolize. I refer to myself as a poetic journalist. I dont take notes. But he insists that the outlines of his stories are true. I cant make things up very well. I wish I could. I would be much less ravaged. I could stay home. Id have a home. Grays quest for a miracle cure took him to a slew of psychic surgeons in the Philippines. The quirkiest of them show up in Grays Anatomy. I went to a man named Jun Labo, he recalls, spelling the name tentatively. Labo is known jokingly in the grapevine as the Elvis Presley of psychic surgeons. He looks like a kind of movie star with a Beatles haircut and two gold chains around his neck and gold rings on his fingers. And when he operates, he operates with cowboy boots on and a butchers apron and a light blue gown. And with a very large crucifix behind him. Labos surgical uniform, rather than withering Grays interest, piqued it. I let him operate on me. Psychic surgeons, he explains matter-of-factly, reach right through your skin, into your body without any incision. They pull out cancer and stuff and throw it in a bucket. Ultimately, what Gray wants to see in a bucket is not simply his liquified vitreous humor, but the aging process itself. The eye ailment, he says, is a serious problem in the sense that its deeply psychological. Its the first kind of thing that reminded me I was 50 years oldthat some of my parts were growing old. .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .postImageUrl , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:hover , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:visited , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:active { border:0!important; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:active , .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2 .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc94b65ee95e2b3d5b944fa43294433c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Joy of Theater EssayEventually Gray opted for conventional surgery. It helped a little. Maybe 20/70 versus 20/200. Though the monologue revolves around Grays retinal disintegration, it also has its digressions. Much of the psychological richness and ironic humor of Grays pieces stems from the provocative detours he unspools from his brain and then weaves into the fabric of his tale. Gray tracks stray thoughts and feelings that most of us suppress, analyzes each with the detachment of a behaviorist, then ties them, sometimes neatly, sometimes not, into the universal themes of his piece. Ironically, the immediacy of Grays delivery derives from this detachment. He claims that life is most real for him when hes recounting his experiences seated at his signature table with nothing on it but a glass of water and his elbows. Im most present when Im sitting at that table. Telling a story about what happened during the day is more real than the day because I create it. The day was created by someone else. In performances at the Cleveland Play House in May, Grays Anatomy was still evolving Grays trademark pauses didnt always meaningfully punctuate his run-on reminiscences and allow the deadpan to settle, and the pieces lurid climax dripped with so much gore from Jun Labos frenzied psychic scalpel, it felt as if the story had hemorrhaged. But the bones of Grays Anatomy are in place, and its performer/author will be fine-tuning it this month in performances at the Chicagos Goodman Theatre, Sept. 7-12, and San Franciscos Solo Mio Festival, Sept. 16-25, and at theatres across the country thorugh May.

Visual Basic Toolbox Controls Essay Example

Visual Basic Toolbox Controls Essay The Toolbox Controls The Toolbox window holds all of the controls available to your VB. NET programs. Basic Controls First, let’s focus on the basic controls that are used in most programs. These controls are so essential that VB. NET would be utterly useless without them 1- Button The Button control is a key ingredient for an effective user interface. Buttons are normally found on the main form of a program and are used to perform tasks or bring up additional forms for the user. Notable Properties Important Properties of Button1 from Properties  Window: Appearance Appearance  section of the properties  window  allows us to make changes to the  appearance  of the Button. With the help of   BackColor  and  Background Image  properties we can set a background color  and a background image to the button. We set the font color and font style for the text that appears on button with  ForeColor  and the  Font  property. We change the appearance  style of the button with the  FlatStyle  property. We can change the text that appears on button with the  Text  property and with the  TextAlign  property we can set where on the button the text should appear from a predefined set of options. Behavior We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Basic Toolbox Controls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Basic Toolbox Controls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Basic Toolbox Controls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Notable Behavior properties of the Button are the  Enabled  and  Visible  properties. The Enabled property is set to True by default which makes the button enabled and setting its  property to  False makes the button Disabled. With the Visible property we can make the Button Visible or Invisible. The default value is set to True and to make the button Invisible set its property to  False. Layout With the  Location  property you can change the location of the button. With the Size property you can set the size of the button. 2- CheckBox The CheckBox control is a Boolean control that can be set to true or false. When the control’s value is true, the check box will be filled with a small x. Notable Properties Important properties of the  CheckBox  in the  Appearance  section of the properties  window  are: Appearance: Default value is Normal. Set the value to Button if you want the  CheckBox  to be  displayed  as a Button. BackgroundImage: Used to set a  background image  for the  checkbox. CheckAlign: Used to set the  alignment  for the  CheckBox  from a predefined list. Checked: Default value is False, set it to True if you want the  CheckBox  to be  displayed  as checked. CheckState: Default value is Unchecked. Set it to True if you want a check to appear. When set to Indeterminate it displays a check in gray background. FlatStyle: Default value is  Standard. Select the value from a predefined list to set the style of the  checkbox. 3- Label The Label control is used to display static labels on a form that generally don’t change while a program is running. The labels are commonly used alongside TextBox controls to describe the information sto red in the TextBox 4- LinkLabel The LinkLabel control is a specialized version of the Label control, which includes an Internet hyperlink so that when you click the label, the link is opened in the default Web browser (or e-mail program). RadioButton The RadioButton control is useless by itself because a mouse click can only set the value to true, not false (as is the case with CheckBox). RadioButton controls are only useful if two or more are placed together on a form or other container (such as a GroupBox), because they reflect a multiple-choice value as indicated by the selected con trol, not an individual true/false value. Notable Properties Important properties of the RadioButton in the  Appearance  section of the properties  window  are: Appearance: Default value is Normal. Set the value to Button if you want the RadioButton to be  displayed  as a Button. BackgroundImage: Used to set a  background image  for the RadioButton. CheckAlign: Used to set the  alignment  for the RadioButton from a predefined list. Checked: Default value is False, set it to True if you want the RadioButton to be  displayed  as checked. FlatStyle: Default value is  Standard. Select the value from a predefined list to set the style of the RadioButton. TextBox The TextBox control is a multi-purpose keyboard input and text output control capable of displaying multiple lines of text with automatic word wrapping. Some Notable Properties: Some important properties in the Behavior section of  the Properties  Window  for  TextBoxes. Enabled: Default value is True. To disable,  set the  property to  False. Multiline: Setting this  property to  True makes the TextBox multiline which allows to accept multiple lines of text. Default value is False. PasswordChar: Used to set the password character. The text displayed in the TextBox will be the character set by the user. Say, if you enter *,   the text that is entered in the TextBox is displayed as *. ReadOnly: Makes this TextBox readonly. It doesnt allow to enter any text. Visible: Default value is True. To hide it set the  property to  False. Important properties in the  Appearance  section TextAlign: Allows to align the text from three possible  options. The default value is left and you can set the  alignment  of text to right or center. Scrollbars: Allows to add a  scrollbar  to a Textbox. Very useful when the TextBox is multiline. You have four  options  with  this property. Options  are are None, Horizontal, Vertical and Both. Depending on the size of the TextBox anyone of those can be used

legal process essays

legal process essays There are many steps that must be taken before John would have a case that could go to trial.In the case of John vs. his employer there is a process that is involved when filing discrimination charges. John needs to report to his EEOC counselor within 45 days of the charge. However, he also needs to file a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee for them to determine that there is enough evidence to support Johns claim of discrimination. This is when the EEOC does a priority investigation of the initial facts to see if these facts appear to support a violation of the law. In investigating a charge, the EEOC may make written requests for information, interview people, review documents, and, as needed, visit the facility where the alleged discrimination occurred. (www.eeoc.gov) Once the agency finishes its investigation, John may request a hearing before an EEOC administrative judge or an immediate final decision from the agency. At any point in time John or his emplo yer may form a settlement out of court and this would suffice EEOCs requirements as well. Then John can choose to file a civil lawsuit and go to the federal court system since he is in the private sector. John would then file a complaint and then both parties would pay a fee of $150.00 by statute. Because, John is a defendant in a civil case then he would then have to hire his own attorney. In the state system however, he would have an attorney appointed for him. The federal court system also wants the litigants to prepare for the case, also known as discovery. Both John and his employer must provide information to each other about the case, such as witnesses, dates, times of events etc. This helps the litigants prepare for their trial by assembling evidence and preparing all of the witnesses. (www.uscourts.gov) In the federal court system, there are many rules that the courts must follow. They are designe ...

Cell Phones

Are cell phones dangerous? Cell phones are a wonderful thing. You can talk. Take pictures. Listen to music. Converse over email or text messaging, and browse the Internet among a handful of other things. I love to use my cell phone and actually use it more then any other phone at the office or at home. However, I use it with immense concern. I have concern about the use of the phone causing health issues, like cancer and brain tumors over time. Are these concerns warranted? I have studied technology and specifically wireless communications as a graduate student at Northwestern University. My professor had advanced scientific wireless knowledge and advised us all to get headsets for our cell phones. So why would someone who works in the field be this concerned to offer this advice? Given that cell phones operate with Radio Frequencies (RF) and thus use a form of electromagnetic energy located on the electromagnetic spectrum between FM radio waves and the waves used in microwave ovens, radars and satellites. How many times have you heard not to stand in front of the microwave since it could cause health issues? The FCC offers recommendations for the appropriate and safe amount of exposure to RF energy. I found these RF Safety FAQ’s to be somewhat helpful in identifying and answering some my exposure questions. According to the FCC, â€Å"the threshold level is a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value for the whole body of 4 watts per kilogram (4 W/kg)†. So what does that mean to a normal human being? I will use myself as an example; I weigh 171 pounds which converts to approximately 78 kg. So that means I can absorb 312 watts in my whole body. Still what does that mean in the case of a cell phone? The FCC has also required all wireless phones in the U. S. eet a conservative radiation safety standard of 1. 6 SAR and most do with much to spare. When translated into wattage, wireless phones maximally emit power in the range of 0. 2 to 0. 6 watts. When you compare this to what a walkie-talkies which emit radiation in excess of 10 watts or an AM radio stations, which emit radiation at levels of 50,000 watts or more! However these numbers do not take into account outside factors that come into play when using a cell phone. The amount of RF you are exposed to with the use of a cell phone depends on a number of factors which include: 1. The age of your cell phone (an older analog model would create higher exposure levels than a newer phone). 2. ) The duration and frequency of using your cell phone (this one is scary! ) 3. ) The distance from the base station pushing out the signals. So let’s take a closer look at the three points above. Age of the cell phone is pretty self-explanatory; most people have upgraded from their â€Å"Saved by the Bell† Zach Morris phone to the newer digital style phones with all the bells and whistles so I would not be too concerned. However, if you have not, I would advise you to upgrade as soon as possible. There are a number of deals available that make new phones cost next to nothing. Secondly, the duration and frequency of using your cell phone scares me a little bit. So if my phone emits 0. 2 t0 0. 6 watts of energy, how much is that same amount amplified by placing it directly next to the soft tissue of the brain? Currently, I subscribe to a cellular service package with unlimited night and weekend minutes. I did some checking and I usually use around 900 minutes a month. So this means that my brain is getting zapped with 0. 2 to 0. 6 watts of RF energy on an average of 900 minutes a month. I do not imagine this can be good for the soft tissue of my brain, especially since the FCC does not examine the affects of RF produced by cell phones on the soft tissue of the brain. Third and finally, the distance from the base station you are connected to should be taken into account. This one may be very difficult to measure and quantify. In my specific network with SprintPCS, I rarely go with lack of service, which I assume means I am always fairly close to the next station to make up the web of cell pods that push out the signals. The cellular network is set up in a hexagonal pattern which maps over the entire area you live. As you move from one hexagonal cell to the next you are fairly close to the center of the cell at all times. Though I do not know what scientific evidence I can draw and quantify from this information in relation to health issues. So after examining those three factors, it seems that much like cigarette smoking was accepted and not linked to illness until the appropriate medical and scientific knowledge was gathered to prove otherwise, it is possible that cell phone usage and exposure to RF energy on soft tissue could cause serious health issues (i. . tumors). So in the meantime there are a few options: 1. ) Keep using my phone next to ear in hopes that this is just a scare. 2. ) Take action! Use a headset connected to the headset jack (not a Bluetooth device) to get the handset away from the soft tissue of the brain. Or get a cellphone with a speaker phone to get the handset further way from your skull. Since an inadequate length of time has passed to show evidence that there is no link between tumors and cell phones because right now the studies conducted on cell phones and health concerns have been performed with adequate duration to do otherwise. I am going to have to go with option number two and use a headset for as many of the 900 minutes a month that I currently spend with the handset pressed firmly to my skull while is send waves electromagnetic radiation through the soft tissue of my brain and I would advise you to do the same until more solid research has been concluded. Chatting away on your cell phone because you have great cell phone package with free nights and weekends and loads of minutes may just have gone out of style with the latest study in which links extended cell phone usage to brain tumors. Prior studies just last year found showed no evidence radiation from mobile phones were harmful. I was admittedly skeptical when I read them. The most recent study conducted by the Swedish National Institute for Working Life looked at the mobile phone use of 905 people between the age of 20 and 80 who had been diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and found a link. The study also shows that the rise in risk is noticeable for tumors on the side of the head where the phone was said to be used After reading the latest findings, I would recommend using a mobile hands free headset if you can. For related reading you might also want to check out a post I made in June 2005 titled, Are cell phones dangerous?

What is Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is Democracy - Essay Example Assembly is made up of representatives from the citizens. Effectual guarantee of liberty of speech, press, religion, legislative body, and appeal and of parity before the law are essential to a democratic system of government. Political parties and politicians are the catalytic mediators that make democracy practicable. Democracy mean rule by the people, surely there has never been absolute democracy in any state and there barely will be in the near prospect either. So it is not probable to completely shift to democratic state: democracy can merely be increased or decreased. In western culture where it is "actual-democracy", the people have more authority than in a despotic system, but nonetheless that is very partial. For example in a survey carried out in Finland, by opinion polls a country famous for its western democratic system, 76 % of those asked thought that citizens' judgments do not have much weight on democracy policies made in the world. Throughout the last years we have read, heard, and seen approximately daily how Eastern Europe is "stirring to democracy" and to western democracy in particular. Many third world countries are said to be on the similar pathway. Once it was even declared that Rumania would shift to absolute democracy. Our trust in western liberal democracy, and our unshakeable faith that it is the sole carrier of a greater ethical reality, has blinded us. In addition, it imperils our own safety. Looking around the world through this prism, we are not capable to issue the force of other links, for instance religion, ethnicity or a non-democratic form of steps. We might confess that these issues have some weightage in parts of the world where the United States and its assistant sheriffs, Britain and Australia, so complacently believe the right to hold back, but we believe them to be no more than masks of unawareness to be on clean aside. Then, we say, the populace of these countries will willingly hold close its principles as certainly as medieval man would have acknowledged that the earth was round, not flat, had he been encountered to the marvels of modern science. Direct Democracy Compared to Representative Democracy This conviction is based on the right of each citizen over a definite age to listen to political meetings, vote on the problem being discussed at that meeting and accommodating the majority result should such a election lead to a law being approved which you as an individual did not sustained. Division of this conviction is the right of each one to embrace political office if they decide to do so. Direct democracy also consider that all people who have the right to, should aggressively contribute in the system so that it is diplomacy of the people and that whichever law approved does have the assistance of the preponderance. Direct democracy gives all people the right to contribute in spite of of religious viewpoint, gender, sexual point of reference, physical well being and so on. Only those who have specially gone next to society are barred from direct democracy. In Britain, those in penitentiary have affronted society in some means and, consequently, their

Summery for research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summery for - Research Paper Example Promotions would also be done online utilizing social websites including Etsy. However, the project is risky as is characteristic of all business ventures but several strategies will be put in place to ensure success of the company. The industry is going to majorly focus on women clothing designs and will invest on the production of customized t-shirts. This allows the women opportunity to choose their sizes as well as designs. Women are also targeted on the basis that they are the household spenders on clothing. The company is going to be both a retailer as well as a manufacturer. As such, the company will be engaged in taking order from the clients, creating the shorts and selling them to the customers. In connection to the above, there will be a supplier to furnish the industry with the materials necessary. The difference between this company and others is that most clothing companies do not offer customized shirts and do not operate online. Our company will offer customized shirts and will mostly be an online company. The company will employ the services of several personnel to ensure effective management. These will include the manager, three painters, in-store retail employee as well as a book keeper. The manager will be an expert in Business administration. The painters will be equipped with artworks and design skills and the bookkeeper will be will be expected to have finance and high level accounting to effectively execute his duties. The business will be licensed under H.P.T-shirt Company. The total start-up cost for the venture is estimated to be $35,000. This is expected to demand a total financing of approximately $85000. The projected Forma income statement for the first time is estimated at $22,000. The second year is expected to realize a profit of $7250 and the third year $24,720. Both the total assets as well as liabilities and capital for the company is estimated to be worth a total of $7000, $20400

The modern-day visual age Essay Example for Free

The modern-day visual age Essay One of the major influences of the modern-day visual age today was Eadweard J. Muybridge. He was truly a revolutionary thinker during his time and gave ideas that was fantastic and at the same time ingenious. A photographer with supreme skills, Helios, as his pseudonym, was an acclaimed landscape photographer showing the extravagance of the West. He singlehandedly created photographic icons of his era, a movement captured in time. Muybridge’s method of taking these moving photos involved chemical formulas for the processing of the photos and an electrical trigger that was designed by Muybridge himself. During his time, basic sequential photography was at the boundaries of technology and photography. Hence, Muybridge became a photographer and a motion picture inventor as well. He â€Å"froze† the movements by his way of capturing the photograph during the act of motion. Boxes, camels, elephants, all captured in time. Today this may not be a feat never heard of, but Muybridge’s ideas and technology evolved to what we know today as the cinema and television. Indeed a master of photography, he was able to pioneer motion capture of animal locomotion. Through his ideas of capturing motion with multiple cameras and using different cameras on different angles, he was able to start a revolution. Thought first ever movie star was not Muybridge, it was Occident – Stanford’s racehorse, and it made him famous overnight and started the revolution of cinema movement. Works Cited Clegg, Brian. The Man Who Stopped Time: The Illuminating Story of Eadweard Muybridge. Joseph Henry Press, 2007.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare :: Free Essay Writer

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare "Violent delights have violent ends" Romeo and Juliet, two young people from Verona, come from two families in conflict. They meet at a ball and fall in love and only to find out their roots and families. They realise their stubborn families would not approve and plan on how they can be together. As we see in the play the friars words "violent delights have violent ends", has a very significant meaning to the story where things that are started violently have often have violent ends. At the beginning of the play the scene opens with the Montages and the Capulets fighting in the market place of Verona. Already from the first scene we know that there will be more violence and possibly a tragic end. Here the friar's premonition is already coming true before he has even said it. The prince suddenly appears and says, "thrice has my city been disturbed by your fighting". He vows that if they disturb again the culprits would be put to death. The climate in Verona is very hot and dry this often sparks fights and people's tempers become fiery. The main characters in the play are Romeo and Juliet who are in love and the play is centred on them. Mercutio is a Montague; he is a lighthearted man and a joker. Benvolio is also a Montague; he is a ver peaceful and sensible man. Tybalt is very aggressive and passionate. Romeo and Juliet meet at a masked ball hosted by the Capulet family. Romeo goes because he thinks that Roselyn the girl he admires will be there. When Romeo arrives there he puts his mask on so they do not recognise him, as he is the Capulets enemy. Romeo begins to dance and he spots Juliet she also spots him. They gaze at each other's eyes and begin to dance. It could be said that fate is already at work here. Juliet's nurse calls for her and here is where they both find out each there's identity. They are both devastated.

Media and Democracy Essay

In 1990, the Americans faced a situation that badly calls for their attention. An all out war against Saddam Hussein and the country he governs named Iraq was the argument being raised by the Bush Administration to his people. The administration needs the support of the public and it is when they decided to make propagandas that may affect the decisions of the people. While sensationalizing news and even opinions about wars and things connected to these acts, people are drawn closer into being deceived and this news may cause them conflicts in developing their own side of the story. Furthermore, with the use of media, journalism and press releases, a major impact is formed that can affect the opinion of the public or the majority which can somehow be very threatening to the outcome, conclusion or result of the battle and the cause being fought for by both sides. During the Gulf War that lasted from 1990 to 1991, media, propagandas and press releases played a big role in forming the opinion of the people of the United States of America about the suggested war against Iraq proposed by the Bush Administration which resulted to an attack against Saddam Hussein and Iraq in a wider, different picture. Related Literature Before finally opening the discussion about the media censorship during the Gulf War, how about we first talk about the group, people and terms involved in the whole sharing of ideas and construction of a this research. War as the key topic that will connect media, public and the incident together will allow us to understand how important the participation of media during the Gulf War years was to the United States of America and at the same time, how it affected the both Iraq and Kuwait. War Defined A three-letter word that can change the whole story of our entire history, war is more like a problem, a conflict made to destroy not just places but also human lives. It is commonly described as a dangerous act and a conflict that would mostly cause problems and loss of human lives. However, the word â€Å"War† is a term that serves various meanings and uses. It could be a figure of speech which creates an allusion to serious strife, campaigns and even struggles. In so many ways, the word, vague as it is can be is used in identifying a certain issue or incident like â€Å"war on terrorism†, â€Å"class wars† and other occurrences that could definitely be understood easily with the presence of the word â€Å"war†. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary, War is defined as (1)’ a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations’, (2) ‘a period of such armed conflict’, and (3) ‘State of War which corresponds to the art or science of warfare like the weapons, equipment used in war, soldiers and equipped soldiers ready for the war’ . It is also the ‘struggle or the competition between opposing forces or for a particular end’. Although the word is used in many ways, the usual aim of war is to ‘overthrow the enemy’ which ‘does not always imply the complete conquest of the enemy’s country’. Media Defined There had been several definitions of media. People refer to means or medium of communication as media too. Talking in general, it ‘refers to various means of communication’ which stands for ‘television, newspaper and radio’. At the same time, Media is also a ‘collective noun for the press or news reporting agencies’. The same definition of media as a term is also used by Paul Hawken in his book to characterize the word. While this author mentioned the same purpose of media which is to identify the medium and tools used for communication, he also insisted that media ‘is a term that also applies to those people whose profession it is to discover, report and communicate information and news to the public’. Furthermore, we now understand that media is a term used to describe both the medium used in communication and the people who we also call press. They serve as our ears and eyes about what is happening in our surroundings. Through their news, reports and discoveries, we learn from them the truth and the reality. However, the role of media although is very essential in the lives of the people, in the existence of humanity and truth can also be misused and mislead us from the certainties. History of Gulf War It is said that the Gulf War, also referred to as the Second Gulf War is unique compared to other wars happened in the history of this century, probably in the rest of human race account and existence. In so many ways, this war has several features that make it different from other armed conflicts in the whole world. Compared to the Second World War and Vietnam War, there had been several, much more bombs thrown to the enemy country than the amount of explosives used to destroy Vietnam. Also, the treatment of media towards the incident is more intense compared to how they reported their coverage during the World War II and the War in Vietnam. On the second day of August in 1990, Iraq made a move to invade Kuwait. Kuwait, a small democratic country rich in oil and produces the needed amount of the United States of America. This incident of 1990 is not the first in the history of Kuwait. It was the third conflict between Iraq and Kuwait in just one century. The first one was in July 1897 and the second one was in June 1961. Aside from these two, there is also a semi-crisis between the two countries which happened in March 1939. These account of events show that the two countries had been rivals for a long time already and the conflict between them only grows bigger as the years pass by. The Complaints of Iraq According to Suzanne Murdico, there are three complaints that Iraq issued over its neighboring country which is Kuwait. Although some of the complaints of Iraq over Kuwait concerns the past events wherein both countries were involved. One among the several disputes was the money that Iraq borrowed from Kuwait which was used as payment for the Iran-Iraq War. Secondly dispute is concerned with the oil being produced by Kuwait. Since Kuwait, though small country can produce oil that is demanded by the oil market which even angered Saddam Hussein and accused them of producing oil more than the allowed amount as stated by Organization of Petroleum Exporting. The third dispute is about the border between the Iraq and Kuwait territories wherein there is enormous oil. The disputes between Kuwait and Iraq became the same reasons why the latter invaded Kuwait. In June 8, 1991, a victory parade was held in Washington. After almost a year of conflict, the United States of America was able to â€Å"save† Kuwait from Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship. Media Coverage of the Gulf War As Dilip Hiro said in his book â€Å"Desert Shield to Desert Storm† the Gulf War had its share of popularity. Media coverage during the Persian Gulf War or the Second Gulf War can never be compared to the exposure given to World War II and Vietnam War. Censorship Media and People Media and the Gulf War Censorship during the Gulf War Western coverage of the Gulf War Demonizing Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein had been an ally of the United States of America for almost a decade before the former invaded Kuwait, an oil producing country which supplies the U. S. within eight years, Hussein, a dictator was able to kill 150,000 Iranians and around 13,000 Iraqis. There had been complaints coming from international human rights group about these killings but being an ally of both Reagan and Bush, he was not given enough attention for punishment. When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, April Glaspie, Ambassador of the United States of America asked the media to allow the appearance of Hussein in television even for a few minutes. In this case, Hussein will have the chance to explain himself and also Iraq to the public. These words of the Ambassador served as a hint for Hussein that U. S. sympathizes with him and Iraq. He thought that if he will invade Kuwait, U. S. will not see it as a crime. However, the Bush Administration thought that Hussein’s crime is serious and it is not just killing refugees but it threatens the oil supply already. In 1979, Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s new leader took his post and changed the story of their country. A man with sheer desire for wealth and power, Fiske’s Argument Conclusion Incidents happen for a reason. Nothing exists without its motives and everything; all things in life have its purpose. At first we may find it absurd, crazy and foolish but in the end, what happened will be the biggest story we would want to uncover for the truth. War is a very huge word made by people dominating the entire world. While some people and probably most of the people prefer to have peace in the world rather than endless bloodsheds everywhere, others, especially those who have personal biases and some individual agendas over certain things that concern themselves and some other people existing in their world. Although the word is used in different situations and contains diverse meaning, war is still a word that is very dangerous to the innocent ones. In 1990, media and war finally met to destroy innocent lives and at the same time to hate each other. A story of destroying a nation and manipulating the emotions, feelings and opinion of the greater majority, the gulf war of 1990 was one of the tragic stories for the exercise of freedom of speech. In times of war and conflict between two opposing parties, the opinion of the people involved is very important that it may either serve as a better result or it may complicate things more. One of the most helpful tools in telling the truth, probably the mirror of reality is the media. However, Media and War became best of friends in some cases that together, these two may promote a fight worth dying for or may destroy lives of innocent people. Their companionship most of the time does not mean that they do help each other but because with the use of media, one side of the face of the war will win. Persuasion and propagandas helped a lot in promoting the means that the opposing parties were fighting for. In so many ways, media was both a tool in persuading the people of the United States of America to go in the war with Bush towards Saddam Hussein and at the same time was a battered medium of communication, a means that was used to tell a lie and to mandate what the people should feel. Bibliography Atkinson, Rick. Crusade the Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1993 Center for Media and Democracy. Toxic Sludge Is Good For You, Chapter 10: How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf. Retrieved January 19, 2009 from http://www. prwatch. org/books/tsigfy10. html Clausewitz, C. , Graham, J. , Natusch, F. , and Willmot, L. On War. Wordsworth Edition. 1997, page 351. Dinstein, Yoram. War, Aggression and Self-defence 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2005, page 3. Hawken, Paul. Blessed Unrest. Viking. 2007, page 267. Hiro, Dilip. Deset Shield to Desert Storm. iUniverse, 2003, page 4 Media. In TechTerms. com, Retrieved January 19, 2009 from http://www. techterms. com/definition/media Murdico, Suzanne J. The Gulf War. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2004, page 11. War. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/war

Abusive Relationships Essay

Abusive Relationships can cause physical and emotional violence, fear, and even guilt. Many abusive relationships often go unheard because of the threat from the abuser. Abusive relationships impact millions of relationships each day and teenage girls are at the highest risk. The impact on these relationships can cause life changing consequences. Abusive relationships can cause many physical altercations that can be life threatening. In the journal, â€Å"Reporting Domestic Violence,† a journalist states the warning signs of physically abusive relationships: â€Å"According to the national Domestic Violence Hotline, you may be in a physically abusive relationship if your partner has ever: damaged property when angry (e.g. thrown objects, punched walls, kicked doors, etc.), pushed, slapped, bitten, kicked or choked you, abandoned you in a dangerous or unfamiliar place, scared you by driving recklessly, used a weapon to threaten or hurt you, forced you to leave your home, trapped you in your home or kept you from leaving, prevented you from calling police or seeking medical attention, hurt your children, or used physical force in sexual situations.† (â€Å"Reporting Domestic Violence†) This quote illustrates the warnings of a potential abusive relationship. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because some of the signs can be physically life threatening. In the movie â€Å"Enough,† â€Å"there is a part when Jennifer Lopez (Slim) and her daughter try to escape from the abusive marriage and he finds the husbands catches up to them and hits, slaps, kicks, and punches Slim almost to death.† (Apted) This quote illustrates the hardship and struggle of abusive relationships. This quote is connected to the hypothesis the wife in the movie almost got killed by her abusive husband. Abusive Relationships did not only cause by physical abuse but also mental abuse. Emotional pain was another heavy toll caused by abusive relationships. In the article, â€Å"The Dark Side of Dating,† the author states how the abuser feels about being in an abusive relationship: â€Å"When there are good times, you might think that once the bad stuff is â€Å"fixed† the relationship will go back to how it was before it went bad,† says Corcoran. But being with someone who swings between being cruel and being kind can  have consequences, including making you feel depressed or really bad about yourself. â€Å"Max had put me down so much that I had no self esteem,† says Brittny.† (Larsen) This quote illustrates how an abuser can make you feel bad about yourself. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because the victim in the article faced self esteem issues because of the emotional pain in a relationship. In the journal, â€Å"Reporting Domestic Violence,† a journalist states the emotional warning signs of an abusive rela tionship: â€Å"Calls you names, insults you or continually criticizes you; does not trust you and acts jealous or possessive; tries to isolate you from friends and family; monitors where you go, who you call and who you spend time with, does not want you to work, controls finances or refuses to share money; punishes you by withholding affection; experts you to ask permission, threatens to hurt you, the children, your family, or your pets; humiliates you in any way.† (â€Å"Reporting Domestic Violence†) This quote illustrates the emotional/mental signs of a bad relationship. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because it shows an emotional burden on a relationship. Sometimes relationships can even cause a heavy fear from the victim. Abusive relationships for the victim can cause them to be terrified of the abuser. In the article, â€Å"A woman tells of escape from abusive spouse,† the author states the fright of one victim’s abusive relationship: â€Å"I turned into a quivering, shivering little mouse that was afraid of being in his presence,† said Elaine, whose last name is withholding for her protection. â€Å"I second guessed every move, second guessed every action.† For Elaine, the abuse was more emotional than physical, nut she felt unable to leave her husband, even when an escape route was offered.† (Rodriguez) This quote illustrates the fear of how a woman was afraid of her husband and how she could not leave him even though she was terrified of him. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because the mother was afraid of what might happen if she stayed. In the article, â€Å"A woman tells of escape from abusive spouse,† the author states the fear of a wife who w as afraid to even go out in the waiting room after a doctor visit: â€Å"I was shaking,† Elaine said. â€Å"They (attendants) noticed something was wrong. I said, â€Å"Please, don’t make me go back out in that waiting room. Can you just keep me here and let me see the doctor now? And they did.† Medical personnel gave her a card with  contact information for Mainstay, the Hendersonville nonprofit that supports victims of domestic abuse. They told her Mainstay would find her a place to stay that night.† (Rodriguez) This quote illustrates the extreme fear of a wife seeing her husband. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because it states the mother fear of the abuser. Abusive Relationships not only caused fear but even guilt from the victim. Abusive Relationships can cause victims of the abusers to feel guilt. In the journal, â€Å"I didn’t want to put them through that: the influence of children on victim decision-making in intimate partner violence cases,† the author states how a victim feels about putting her kids through this situation, â€Å"The guilt I feel everyday and try to figure out, â€Å"What was wrong with me, why did I put my children through that, why did I make them hear things they heard?† I can relate to having that degrading feeling, â€Å"How could you allow yourself to get in that situation and how could you, how could you†¦ put your kids through this?† (Rhodes 5) This quote illustrates how a mother felt guilty about putting her kids through the abusive relationship. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because the victim of the relationship felt guilty. In the article, â€Å"A woman tells of escape from abusive spouse,† the author states how guilt is fe lt by the victim: â€Å"I put my son on the line for that man, and I’ll never forget it,† Elaine said. â€Å"I will feel guilty until the day I die for that. But I can’t change it and the guilt is so extreme—-there is no other guilt greater than that. I have to deliberately put it outside my head because it will kill me. I couldn’t handle that.† (Rodriguez) This quote illustrates the remorse of one mother’s decision in staying in the abusive relationship with her child even when she had an outlet to get help. This quote is connected to the hypothesis because it shows how the abuser feels shameful for staying in an abusive relationship with a child. The guilt from abusive relationships was one of many aspects of bad relationships. Abusive relationships is a horrible thing going on today in our world. Abusive relationships have caused emotional problems such as depression and physical problems including death. Over 1.5 million teens were abused last year. The main aspects of abusive relationships are physical and emotional  violence, fear, and guilt. Works Cited Page Enough.Apted,Michael.Dir. Perf. Jennifer Lopez,Billy Campbell.Columbia Pictures, 2002. DVD. Larsen, Foy, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Dark Side of Dating.† Scholastic Choices. 01 Feb 2014: 14 eLibrary. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. â€Å"Reporting Domestic Violence.† Journal of the American Chiropractic Association (2012). Academic Onefile. Web. 13 Mar. 2014 Rhodes, Karin V., et al. â€Å"I didn’t want to put them through that: the influence of children on victim decision-making in intimate partner violence cases.† Journal of Family Violence 25.5 (2010) 485+. Academic Onefile. Web. Mar. 2014 Rodriguez, Sandra V. â€Å"A woman tells of escape from abusive spouse.†Asheville Citizen-Times; Ashville;N.C. 23. May 2011. A1 eLibrary. Web. Mar. 2014 Abusive Relationships Essay Introduction Abusive Relationships are created mentally and physically. In my opinion, the definition for abuse describes a person with harmful intents; lacking concern, compassion, or affection for another human being. The following annotated bibliographies will express different stages of abuse in set climates. The purpose is to evaluate opinions of the authors selected with the most relevant connections to the behavior patterns of abusive relationships. The Effects of Abusive Relationships Rafenstein, M. (2001). Recognizing an abusive Relationship. Current Health, 2,(5): 27. This article exploits the signs of abusive relationships. Recognizing abuse and the signs most commonly overlooked by those being abused. The article takes a closer look through the eyes of the abuser in order to reveal the dangers of the relationship. Understanding why and how abusers think is important to a survivor. Distinguishing an attitude from a behavior could be the difference between life and death. The article has helpful insight that act as warning signals, easily overlooked by those who would become victims. Normally, the focus is centered on the victim, this article takes the power away from the abuser by disclosing the tactics used before the behavior. This article is very useful to my methods of research because it explains the warning signs and cautious behavior. Seeing the patterns of abuse from a different angle will assist prevention and awareness programs in all communities; especially those living with repeat offenders. Steiner, Leslie Morgan.(2009). Crazy Love: A Memoir. New York, NY: St. Martin. The author, Leslie Morgan Stenier, wrote this book as a Memoir about being married to an abusive husband. His actions and behavior motivates her to tell all and to be an example for other wives who feel trapped. The mental and physical abuse became a documented source of support that led to writing this book as a survivor. This book presents real life events of being married to a dangerous predator. It is a good source for my research, showing the mindset of a wife, victim, and survivor. The author made a life changing decision to tell and the lifesaving decision to leave. The weaknesses of her past become a stepping stone for other women in the same predicament. The book closes the gaps between coping and surviving abuse. Newton, C.J. â€Å"Effects of Domestic Violence.† Domestic Violence: An Overview. 2009. 18 April 2010. < http://www.findcounseling.com/journal/domestic-violence/domestic-violence-effects.html> This article examines the long-term effects and the mental health of abuse. This website journals abusive effects that lead to crisis and the process of healing. The article refers to case studies monitored by John Hopkins that concern children born to an abused mother. The article provides professional resources such as: crisis prevention and advocacy programs. This site also offers self-assessments and a glossary of mental health. This article is a valuable source for abusive relationship research that offers a website for battered women and children. This article is a very good source for addressing abusive relationships and the threats victims ignore before the worst actions occur. It is very helpful in filtering out threats that may cause dangerous actions. This article brings the law into fruition and encourages victims to break the silence and stopping the violence. Adam, Shapiro, Anderson, K., Glick, J. Umberson, D. â€Å"Domestic Violence, Personal Control, and Gender: National Council on Family Relations. â€Å"Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol. 60, No. 2: May 1998. 442-452. The authors of this article examine domestic violence, personal control and gender within relationships. They use the research literature to explain the consequences of being in unhealthy family settings. This article brings clarity to domestic violence and abuse labeled with the family values that are disguised. Gender plays a vital role in personal control and abuse within relationships. According to this article, the person with the most influence usually has more personal control and often makes the other person feel inferior. This article provides a clear understanding of the roles within an abusive relationship. It was very helpful with the research for abusive relationship. The article has calculated statistics gathered from selected sources that shows patterns and behavior trends of abuse. The authors explain the phase violence that promoted the unhealthy lifestyle that is usually hidden from others. The article reveals how gender is relevant to the process of violence. Flynn, Clifton P. â€Å"Relationship Violence by Women: Issues and Implications†: National Council on Family Relations. Family Relations. Vol. 39, No. 2: Apr. 1990.194-198. Clifton P. Flynn analyzes women who are abusive in relationships. Flynn focuses on violent and dysfunctional acts done by women, rather than men. Society presume women to be nurturing with maternal instincts, this article unmasks the evil inside of heartless, abusive women. The statistics from the empirical research shows wives, mothers, and female caretakers as batterers. According to the article, abuse inflicted by women is not reported as much as abuse by men. This article helps to define the fine lines between genders and abuse. It is relevant to research about abusive relationships showing that women can be abusers too. The author gives biased opinions with facts of documentation from family members and those with personal contact with abusive women. This article describes the images of abuse that are hidden from society. Connolly, Jennifer, and Wendy Josephson. â€Å"Aggression in Adolescent Dating Relationships†. 2007(14): 3-5. This article explains the dangers in dating from the point of view of both females and males. According to the article, boys are reported to have more aggressive behavior while dating and girls are likely to respond with self-defense. Both genders have symptoms of anxiety, fear, and emotional distractions. Statically, these behavior patterns often lead to becoming a run away and school drop outs. The article also list different influences that act as stress factors for aggressive  behavior, such as: violence within the home, drug and alcohol abuse, and peer pressure. The article has a positive motive for exposing aggressive behavior patterns amongst teen dating. The authors have strong viewpoints that are helpful for making rational decisions about the pros and cons. It provides signs of abuse and presents the top rated signs of awareness. The research addressed in the article is most helpful in deciding how to relate aggression and abuse with anxiety and behavior patterns. Most important the article addresses the reasons teens develop such outrageous habits of abuse.

Gatsbys Pursuit Of The American Dream Essays - The Great Gatsby

Gatsby's Pursuit Of The American Dream Essays - The Great Gatsby Gatsby's Pursuit Of The American Dream Gatsby's Pursuit of the American Dream The Great Gatsby, a novel by Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its impossible goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is used in many novels. This dream is different for different people; but, in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream; and, in order to do this, he must have wealth and power. The American Dream had always been based on the idea that each person no matter who he or she is can become successful in life by his or her hard work. The dream also brought about the idea of a self-reliant man, a hard worker, making a successful living for him or herself. The Great Gatsby is about what happened to the American Dream in the 1920s, a time period when the many people with newfound wealth and the need to flaunt it had corrupted the dream. The pursuit of the American Dream is the one motivation for accomplishing one's goals, however when combined with wealth the dream becomes nothing more than selfishness. Jay Gatsby, the main character of the story, is one character that longs for the past. Surprisingly, he spends most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in this pursuit. In the past, Gatsby had a love affair with the attractive young Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to gain wealth to reach her standards. Once he acquires wealth, he moves near to Daisy, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay (p83), and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesn't fall into place like he planned, he asks around if anyone knows her. Soon, he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, He wants to knowif you'll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over (p83). Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this and even takes the blame for Myrtle's death. Was Daisy driving? Yes. But of course I'll say I was (p151). He also watches Daisy as she returns home to make sure her husband doesn't harm her. How long are you going to wait? All night if necessary (p152). Gatsby cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. He believes that he acted for her and beyond his personal interest and that that should guarantee his success. Nick attempts to show Jay that his dream is unobtainable, but Gatsby innocently replies to N ick's comment by saying, Yes you can, old sport (p141). This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream. For Jay, his American Dream is not material possessions, although it plays a big part in the fulfillment of his true American Dream, Daisy. Gatsby does not rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. Gatsby's own characteristics, especially his obsession, contributed to his fate. Despite his attitude toward Daisy and her friends who are rich and play polo together, he, too, has been drawn in by the lure of money and fame. Unable to control his obsessive desire to have daisy, he cares little about the means by which he acquires the money to marry her. He associates with known criminals, appears to be involved with bootlegging, and is rumored to have killed a man. Finally, he lies about himself and his family to get Nick's help for his quest. The means he uses to achieve his goal ends up to be everything that he despises about the people

Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Essay Example Simultaneously, economics can be defined as a way of thinking. In the present day context, business units get largely impacted by the market structure of the place or a particular nation as business performance is directly dependent on how the economy behaves in the long run. Notably, on the basis of economic situations and other features, market structure of a place is divided into several forms including perfect competition, monopolistic competition and oligopoly and each one of them has their own characteristics or features. Business units have the need to analyze these particular features to ensure the accomplishment of their business targets (Baumol & Blinder, 2011; Hubbard, 2007). In this proposed discussion, the main aim will be to describe various market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly along with identifying a few of the characteristics of each of the market structures. Additionally, the paper will discuss the way in which high entry barriers into the market can influence long-run profitability of a firm. The paper will also discuss price elasticity of demand of each of the market structures and its impact on pricing of products to get a more comprehensive understanding about the same. Perfect competition describes such market conditions, where a large number of sellers are involved in business activities and also the sellers are dealing with homogeneous products. Notably, in this sort of market structure, none of the players are big or large enough to capture the entire market by their operations. In such market scenarios, each of the players in the market is competent enough to ensure perfect competition for others in the same market which further augments the level of competition in the market. This sort of market structure provides utmost opportunities for business units to perform in an effective manner; otherwise they might perish while attaining long-term sustainability (Baumol

Primary Source Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Primary Source Study - Essay Example â€Å"The complete housewife or Accomplished Gentlewomen’s companion† is a cookery book written in eighteenth century by the author Eliza Smith. Originally published in 1727. It is not just a cook book from the history but also contains various medicinal prescriptions and home remedies handy in the case of any emergency and works as the first aid. The book was written clearly as its name indicate to provide assistance to the women of that time to improve their efficiency in cooking and making them competent and a complete gentlewomen because cooking was very essential and fundamental skill required by fine ladies of that time. Fixing a meal today is very simple these days but in colonial time’s it was an hours long affair until there was enough light to see in the kitchens and without any refrigeration all meals have to be cooked and seasoned in the same day(Heyes,2009) Eliza tried to show her confidence in cooking and food and every ones attitudes towards it in this book which is considered as the first cook book to be published in America. It contains collection of several hundred receipts of pastries, confectionaries, pickles, preserving meat, cakes, jellies, wines added with hundred of receipts of home remedies for minor ailments including syrups, ointments, elixirs etc. Through the book Eliza conveyed her own lives experience and knowledge to the other women of the society. Women are known to reveal their life’s stories through their receipes of food cleaning or medicinal remedies; it is the way of their communication. cMrs. Smith worked as a cook in upper class household and that is why she knew a lot about cooking and serving. She also criticized the male cook book writers and claimed that they hold their recepies secret from the rest of the public and stressed upon her female audience her past experiences in that regard.d In contrast to other cook book writers her work is much more competent unlike other amateurish writers wh ose work fail to show citations to quoted information (Allen,1999) .As it is considered as the first cook books it

Discussing incentives to conserve marine biodiversity conservation Assignment - 1

Discussing incentives to conserve marine biodiversity conservation within the framework of impure public goods - Assignment Example e into limestone, the ability of the oceans to provide sustenance in the form of sea life to tens of millions around the globe, and the ability of these oceans to dissipate the heat that the sun emits forms an integral part of why the oceans and the marina diversity that is exhibited within them is of such extreme importance. Through such a level of understanding, the following discussion will be concentric upon defining what an impure public good is, the externalities associated with these impure public goods, the technology of public good supply, and the types of economic incentives that are created for impure public goods. Firstly, an impure public good is that which is represented to all members of society but one that dilutes the utility that an individual might otherwise gain from enjoying a completely and entirely â€Å"pure† public good. For instance, in the case of the world’s oceans and marine bio-diversity, an example of the impure public good would be the level of toxic waste that is dumped into these oceans each and every year. As this pollutes the environment and creates a hardship on the marine biodiversity that would otherwise be evidenced, the destruction to the environment decreases the utility that a person could stand to gain from this otherwise â€Å"pure† public good. The externalities to this are clear, food that is harvested from the world’s oceans then in turn is sickly and likely to diminish in overall quality; or at the worst – have high levels of toxins evidenced throughout their bodies. As a means of understanding the further nuances and dynamics of public goods, the weakest link rule denotes that the socially available amount equates to the minimum of the overall quantities that can individually be provided. By means of contrast and comparison, the â€Å"best shot† rule states that the socially available amount denotes the maximum individual quantity. Naturally, incentives, both positive and negative, can impact upon the

Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds Essay

Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds - Essay Example In the article, using EC2 service, a ‘map’ was created to understand the potential targets that may be located inside the cloud and also for instance creation parameters, which is needed to establish the co-residence of an adversarial instance. Creation of this type of Map can provide opportunities for the adversaries to place malicious VM on the same physical machine as a target. The authors provide extensive details on how to map the Cloud. According to them, the availability zones in the Cloud are likely to correspond to different internal IP address ranges, which also may be true for instance types as well. Thus, when the adversary maps the use of the EC2 internal address space, it can help them to find out which â€Å"IP addresses corresponds to which creation parameters.† (Ristenpart et al.). In addition, EC2’s DNS service has the provision to map public IP address to private IP address. The map thus generated can be used by the adversary to deduce th e instance type and availability zones of a target service, which sizably reduces the number of instances that needs to be tried, before a co-resident placement is successfully achieved. The authors evaluate the above discussed two vulnerable sections by using two data sets. The first data set is the one which is created by categorizing the public EC2-based web servers using external probes like WHOIS queries, and then translating the responsive public IPs to internal IPs. The second set is created by initiating a number of EC2 instances of varying types, and then surveying the resulting IP address assigned. (Ristenpart et al.). To fully utilize this data, the authors presented a heuristic algorithm, which has the ability to label /24 prefixes with an estimate of the availability zone. Thus, by using these options, a map of internal EC2 address space is outputted, which can allow adversaries to estimate the availability zone and instance type of any target. With outputted map, the a dversary can attempt to achieve placement on the same physical machine, and so in the next section of the article, the authors discuss about the several co-residence checks. According to the authors, instances are said to be co-resident, if they have matching â€Å"Dom0 IP address, small packet round-trip times, or even numerically close internal IP addresses.† (Ristenpart et al.). After providing this crucial piece of information, the authors focus on how adversaries can achieve co-residence in the same physical machine using the outputted map, by following two strategies, the brute-force strategy and the refined strategy. Under brute-force strategy, the attacker has to simply launch many instances over a relatively long period of time. In the case of refined strategy, the attacker has to target the recently-launched instances, as the Third Party providers particularly EC2 assign fresh instances to mainly the same small set of machines. According to the authors, the later st rategy has high chances of achieving co-residence, and they provide how this strategy â€Å"achieves co-residence with a specific (m1.small) instance almost half the time.† (Ristenpart et

Study of In-vivo Analgesic Activity | Experiment

Study of In-vivo Analgesic Activity | Experiment A) ANIMALS Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) of either sex were used for study of in-vivo analgesic activity. Animals were kept under standard laboratory conditions i.e. temprature is 24  ± 2 °C and relative humidity is 60-70%. The study protocol was approved by the institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) before experiment (Approval No. 1452/PO/a/11/CPCSEA). Albino-Swiss mice were taken from Laboratory Animal House, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur (U. S. Nagar) and used for the study. The animals were procured from IVRI, Bareilly (U.P.) The animals were kept in polypropylene cages and maintained on balanced ration with free access to clean drinking water. All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the guide for Care and use of laboratory animals and in accordance with the Local animal care and use committee. All of the animals were left for 2 days in the laboratory for acclimatization before the day of experiment and on the last day they were giv en water only. Minimum of 6 animals were used in each group. Wistar rats of either sex weighing (150-200 g) were used for studying in-vivo anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were used for in-vivo analgesic activity. Animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions (24  ± 2 °C; relative humidity 60-70%). Study protocol was approved by the institutional Animal Ethics Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (IAEC, Approval No. 1452/PO/a/11/CPCSEA) before experiment. Wiatar Rats and Albino-Swiss mice from Laboratory Animal House Section, Department of Pharmacology, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur (U. S. Nagar) were used in the study. The animals were procured from IVRI, Bareilly (U.P.). Minimum of 6 animals were used in each group. B) ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES The acute oral toxicity studies were performed to study the acute toxic effects and to determine minimum lethal dose of the synthesized compounds. Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were used for the study. The aqueous solution of compounds were administered orally to different groups of over night fasted mice at the doses of 30, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. After administration of the compounds, animals were observed continuously for the first three hours for any toxic manifestation. Thereafter, observations were made at regular intervals for 24 hrs. Further the animals were under investigation up to a period of one week. The dose calculated for the synthesized compounds are as following- I) ANALGESIC ACTIVITY A) Method 1: Hot plate method Heat is used as a source of pain. Animals were individually placed on the hot plate maintain at constant temperature (55 °C) and the reaction of animals, such as paw licking or jump response was taken as the end response. Analgesic drugs/compounds increases the reaction time. The method was first described by Eddy Leimbach (A cut off period of 15 sec is observed to avoid damage to the paw). The compounds were dissolved in the Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (0.5% suspension). Control, standard and test compounds were given per orally to the animals and the reaction of time of animals at 15, 30, 60 120 min interval was noted on the hot plate after drug administration. The method of Eddy and Leimbach using techno heated plat analgesic apparatus was used. The standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (50 mg/kg) was used reference drug for comparison. The result was tabulated in Table. Results were expressed as means  ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was analyzed using the one-way analysis of vari ance followed by Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test where p B) Method 2: Acetic Acid Induced Writhing Method Analgesic activity was determined by calculating total number of writhings, following intraperitoneal (I.P) administration of 0.6% (0.1 ml/10g) acetic acid in mice .7 Albino mice of either sex (25-30 g) were used. Synthesized compounds (QAA-04H-04S) were administered intraperitonealy (0.5 ml) as a suspension in sterile 0.9% DMSO solution as vehicle. Diclofenac (10mg/kg) was used as the standard drug under same conditions. Acetic acid solution was administered intraperitonealy 30 min after administration of the compounds. 10 min after intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid solution, the number of writhings per animal was recorded for 20 min. Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle. Results of percentage Analgesic activity of compounds were calculated using following formula and the results are shown in table. % Analgesic activity = No. of writhings for control – No. of writhings for test compound *100 No. of writhings for control II) ANTI-PYRETIC ACTIVITY STUDIES: Albino rats of Wistar strain of either sex weighing between 170-190g were used. For induction of fever in rats, 20% w/v of brewer’s yeast in distilled water was administered by subcutaneous injection. All animals were induced pyrexia by injection of 10 ml/kg of brewer’s yeast solution under the skin in between the shoulder blades. The site of the injection was massaged in order to spread the suspension beneath the skin. Basal rectal temperature was measured before the injection of yeast, by inserting digital clinical thermometer to a depth of 2 cm into the rectum. The rise in rectal temperature was recorded 19 hours after yeast injection. The different groups of febrile rats were orally administered with the respective drugs and rectal temperature was recorded 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 minutes post treatment. Decrease in rectal temperature post treatment indicated antipyretic effect. The difference in body temperature was recorded. III) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY: The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds on carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema was determined according to the method described by Winter et al. (1962). The experimental animals were divided into ten groups, each containing five animals. First group received sterile normal saline (0.85% NaCl) assigned as control and the second group received standard drug Ibuprofen (20 mg/kg b.w., p.o.). The 3rd to 10th groups were administered the test compounds (at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w, suspended in 10 ml/kg of 2% gum acacia) orally. After 30 min of administration of test compounds, 0.1 ml of 1% (w/v) carrageenin was injected subcutaneously in the subplantar region of the left hind paw. The right paw served as a reference to non inflammed paw for comparison. The initial paw volume was measured within 30 sec of the carrageenin injection by plethysmometer. The relative increase in paw volume was measured in control, standard and test compounds at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after the carrageenin injection. The difference between initial and final readings was taken as the volume of oedema and the percentage inhibition by the compounds was calculated using the formula (Kouadio et al., 2000): % Inhibition = 1-Ãâ€" 100 where dt is the difference in paw volume in the test compound-treated group and dc the difference in paw volume in the control group. IV) ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Antimicrobial chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of many infectious diseases. However repeated and irrational use of some antibiotics result in resistance i.e., ineffectiveness of drug against the microorganisms. In the recent past, the emergence of drug resistance to antibiotics is more. This situation stimulated us to prepare new series of antimicrobials. The principle use of antibiotics is to help the body fight bacterial and/or fungal infections. The course of an infection is often linked to a race between the pathogen’s ability to grow in the host tissue and the tissue’s ability to capture and destroy the invading pathogen. Antibiotics are given to weaken or kill some of the invading Pathogens; hopefully, the body’s tissue can then destroy the rest. The effectiveness of an antibiotic is preliminarily determined by the size of the zone of inhibition, but zone size varies according to how easily the antibiotic diffuses through the agar, the type of medium used and many other factors. If a clear zone appears in which there is No microbial growth around the disk, it is called as the zone of inhibition, even though killing may have occurred in this zone. (A) Antibacterial Activity: In our current study, antibacterial activity was carried out by the agar diffusion method. Here the responses of the organisms to the synthesized compounds were measured and compared with the responses of the standard drugs. The standard reference drugs used in the antibacterial screening were Norfloxacin and Gatifloxacin. For antibacterial activity 2 gram positive bacteria i.e. Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus and two gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli Shigella species were taken. Petridishes, cork borer, beakers, glass syringes and test tubes were sterilized by dry heat sterilization at 160 ºC for 1hr in hot air oven.All the synthesized compounds were dissolved in DMF to make the concentrations of 40 µg/ml. Preparation of nutrient agar media: Preparation of the bacteriological media involves the following steps:- All ingredients were dissolved in distilled water by boiling. The pH of the medium was determined with a pH meter and adjusted if necessary. The medium so prepared was sterilized by autoclaving at a temperature of 121 ºC for 15mins. Preparation of agar plates: The sterilized nutrient media was cooled to 45 º-46 ºC and inoculated with respective suspension of micro-organisms. They were mixed well and 200ml each of inoculated media were transferred into separate petridishes. They were allowed to cool at room temp. Until the agar medium completely solidified. Bores were made using cork borer and 0.1ml solution of test drug and control solutions were separately added to each bores. The sterile discs of standard reference drugs were placed on the surface. The petridishes were kept for 2hrs to allow the drug to diffuse into the agar media. A sterile atmosphere was maintained during the entire process by carrying out the work under Laminar Air Flow bench. All the plates were incubated for 24hrs at 37 ºC. At the end of incubation period, diameters of the zone of inhibition were measured and recorded. (B) Antifungal Activity: The antifungal activity was carried out by agar diffusion method. The responses of the fungal microorganisms to the synthesized compounds were recorded and compared with the standard reference drugs. Two fungal strains namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were taken for the study. Petridishes, cork borer, beakers, glass syringes and test tubes were sterilized by dry heat sterilization at 160 ºC for 1hr in hot air oven. Each sample compound was dissolved in DMF to make the concentrations of 40 µg/ml. Clotrimazole and Amphotericin B were used as standard dugs. Media for fungi: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar : 65g procured from Himedia, Mumbai Distilled water : 1000ml Preparation of agar media: The preparation of the media involves the following steps:- Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was dissolved in 1000ml of sterile distilled water by boiling. The pH of the medium was determined with a pH meter and adjusted to if necessary. The medium so prepared was sterilized by autoclaving at a temp. of 121 ºC for 15mins. The sterilized nutrient media was cooled to 45 º-46 ºC and inoculated with respective suspension of fungal organisms. They were mixed well and 200ml each of inoculated media were transferred into separate petridishes. They were allowed to cool at room temp. Until the agar medium completely solidified. Bores were made using cork borer and 0.1ml solution of test drug and control solutions were separately added to each bores. The sterile discs of standard reference drugs were placed on the surface. The petridishes were kept for 2hrs to allow the drug to diffuse into the agar media. A sterile atmosphere was maintained during the entire process by carrying out the work under Laminar Air Flow bench. Then the plates were incubated at 25 ºC for 48hrs. The zone of inhibition was measured and recorded. V) IN-VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY Method followed: In vitro inhibition of albumin denaturation: Denaturation of proteins is one of the causes of inflammation. Production of auto- antigens in certain rheumatic diseases may be due to in vivo denaturation of proteins. A number of anti-inflammatory drugs are known to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Mizushima and other have employed protein denaturation as in vitro screening model for anti-inflammatory compounds. Materials: Bovine serum albumin (sigma) Buffer tablets (7.4 pH) DMF Ibuprofen (standard) Distilled water (q.s.) METHOD: The test compounds were dissolved in minimum amount of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and diluted with phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 7.4). The final concentration of DMF in all solutions was less than 2.5%. Test solution (1ml) containing different concentration of drug was mixed with 1ml of 1mg/ml albumin solution in phosphate buffer and incubated at 27 ºÃ‚ ±1 ºC for 15 min. Denaturation was induced by keeping the reaction mixture at 60 ºÃ‚ ±1 ºC in water bath for 10 min. after cooling, the turbidity was measured at 660nm in spectrophotometer. The percentage inhibition of denaturation was calculated from control where no drug was added. And compared against standard (Ibuprofen).